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Treaties

Compiled by:Gordon W. Miller
Liaison Librarian for History, Philosophy and Religion, Political Science
November 2002

Treaty information is available in Carrier Library in a large number of sources. This guide is intended to steer the researcher through the frequently bewildering tools that are used to locate treaty information. The sources noted will allow for advanced work in all geographic areas of the world and is for both current and historical treaty research. Arrangement is by type of material with the treaty texts divided into United States, American Indian, and international sections. Because of the type of material being researched the student may want to have an awareness of the Style Manual and Abbreviations sections.

Table of Contents

Subject Headings

The following list of Library of Congress subject headings are examples of accepted terms used to research treaties. To locate additional subject headings consult the Library of Congress Subject Headings volumes near the online terminals.

Alliances Diplomacy Indians of North American - Treaties (also individual Indian tribes, e.g. Iroquois Indians - Treaties) International law International relations Treaties United States - Foreign relations - Treaties (also other countries with the same subheadings, e.g. Great Britain - Foreign relations - Treaties). Versailles, Treaty of, June 28, 1919 (Germany) (also under the names of other treaties)

Guides/Bibliographies

Carrier Library has a large number of guides useful for treaty research. The Burns and Plischke guides have detailed bibliographies useful in creating an awareness of the important published literature on treaties. The Kavass, Miller, and Sprudzs articles are helpful in locating sources for researching treaties.

Bemis, Samuel F., and Griffith, Grace G. Guide to the Diplomatic History of the United States, 1775-1921. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1935.
(Ref E 183.7 B468 1935): Dated, but still valuable for its scholarly listing of primary and secondary. The Burns title updates, but does not replace, this work.
Bibliographic Index. New York: H.W. Wilson. 1937- . semi-annual.
(Index/Abstract Table 5).: Lists bibliographies from both books and journal articles. International coverage.
Buergenthal, Thomas and Maier, Harold G. Public International Law in a Nutshell. St. Paul MN: West, 1985.
(Ref JX 3091 B84 1985).: One chapter discusses the international law of treaties.
Burns, Richard D., ed. Guide to American Foreign Relations Since 1700. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1983.
(Ref JX 1407 G84 1983): Currently the definitive guide to all aspects of foreign relations including treaties.
Cohen, Morris L. Legal Research in a Nutshell. 6th ed. St. Paul, MN: West, 1996.
(Ref KF 240 C54 1996).: One chapter is a guide to researching United States treaties.
Fetzer, Mary K. United Nations Documents and Publications: A Research Guide. New Brunswick, NJ: Graduate School of Library Science, Rutgers, University, 1978.
(Ref JX 1977.8 D6 F47)
Foreign Affairs Bibliography: A Selected and Annotated List of Books on International Relations. New York: Published for the Council on Foreign Relations, 1919-1933- .
(Ref JX 1391 F73): The journal Foreign Affairs contains a bibliography in each issue updating the series.
Funke, Karl A., and Kickingbird, Kirke. "The Role of Native Americans in American Legal History." Law Library Journal. 69:474-493 (November 1976).
(Periodical).: A guide to researching American Indian law and treaties. A bibliography of important sources in Indian history and law, including treaties, concludes the article.
A Guide to Treaty Research: This guide covers the full range of research areas for treaty research. Other Internet treaty guides include Treaties Research Guides, U.S. Treaties and Other International Agreements, ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law: Treaties, and Guide to U.S. Treaties and International Agreements
Harmon, Robert B. Information Sources of Political Science. 4th ed. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1986. (Ref JA 71 H64 1986): An annotated section lists treaty and international law practice sources.
Kavass, Igor I. A Guide to the United States Treaties in Force, 1989. Buffalo, N.Y.: William S. Hein, 1990. 2 vol.
(Ref JX 236.5 G84 1989): This guide takes the 1989 Treaties in Force work and indexes it by treaty series, subject, country, and chronologically.
Kavass, Igor I. "United States Treaties and International Agreements: Sources of Publications and 'Legislative History' Documents." Law Library Journal. 76:442-457 (Summer 1983).
(Periodical).: Excellent presentation on the treaty process and how to research this information.
Miller, Gordon W. "Researching Treaty Information: An Annotated Guide to Key Reference Sources." RQ 25 (Winter 1985): 204-212. (Periodical).: A guide to the major reference sources available in American libraries.
Morehead, Joe. Introduction to United States Government Information Sources. 6th ed. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1999.
(Ref ZA 5055 U6 M67 1999).
The National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 1959/1961-1993.
(Biblio Z 6620 U5 N3).: A guide to manuscript holdings in libraries throughout the United States.
Plischke, Elmer. U.S. Foreign Relations: A Guide to Information Resources. Detroit: Gale Research, 1980.
(Ref JX 1407 P52 1980)
Schmechebier, Laurence F. Government Publications and Their Use. 2nd rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1969.
(Ref Z 1223 Z7 1969).
Sources of Information in the Social Sciences. 3rd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1986.
(Ref H 61 W433 S64 1986)
Sprudzs, Adolf. "Fundamentals of Foreign Treaty Research." Law Library Journal. 76:458-463. (Summer 1983).
(Periodical).: Overview of non-United States treaty sources.
United States. National Archives and Records Service. Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995. 3 vol.
(Ref CD 3026 1995).: Manuscript sources held by the National Archives are listed. Also available on the WWW @ National Archives Guide.

Treatises/Digests/Documents

The Federal Government has digested treaty and diplomatic practice beginning in 1886/1887. Carrier Library has portions of John B. Moore's 1906 effort and all of Green Hackworth's 1940-1944 Digest. . .. The present series is Digest of United States Practice in International Law . An interesting treatise is the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate. This provides an overview of how the treaty making process works in the United States. Foreign Relation of the United States and Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States. . . offer primary source material to the researcher.

Congressional Quarterly Almanac: A Service for Editors and Commentators. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1953- annual.
(Ref JK 1 C66).: This reference source is a digest of the Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. (See under Journal below).
Digest of United States Practice in International Law. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1973- . Annual.
(Gov Doc S 7.12/3:(date)).: This series is the United States Government's current attempt to digest international law. See the series by Moore and Hackworth (below) for earlier works. Carrier Library does not have Marjorie Whitman's 15 volume set entitled Digest of International Law which was published between 1963 and 1973. The "Digest ..." is kept current in the quarterly American Journal of International Law. (See under Journals below).
Documents on International Affairs. London, New York: Oxford University. 1928- . annual.
(D 442 S82).: Carrier Library has scattered volumes. This title is a supplement to the annual Survey of International Affairs (See entry citation below).
Friedman, Leon, comp. The Law of War, A Documentary History. New York: Random House, 1972. 2 vols.
(JX 4505 F7).
Hackworth, Green H. Digest of International Law. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1940-1944. 8 vols.
(GovDoc S 7.12:).: This series supplements, and updates, John B. Moore's A Digest of International Law. . .
Lillich, Richard B., ed. Transnational Terrorism: Conventions and Commentary: A Compilation of Treaties, Agreements, and Declarations of Especial Interest to the United States . Charlottesville, VA: Michie, 1982.
(JX 45420 T7 1982).
Moore, John B. A Digest of International Law as Embodied in Diplomatic Discussions, Treaties and Other International Agreements. . .. New York: AMS Press, reprint of the 1906 ed. 8 vols.
(Ref KZ 1255 M66 1970).
Reuter, Paul. Introduction to the Law of Treaties. New York: Kegan Paul International, 1995.
(KZ 1301 R4513 1995).: This is a scholarly presentation of treaties and they work within international law. Appendices contain the text of conventions on the law of treaties.
Rosenne, Shabtai. Developments in the Law of Treaties, 1945-1986. New York: Cambridge University, 1989.
(JX 4156 R646 1989): A general treatise. Appendices have the text of several treaty conventions.
Survey of International Affairs. New York: Oxford University, 1920/23-1963.
(D 442 S8): Carrier Library has volumes for 1920-23, 1938-1953, and 1955-1963.
Toscano, Mario. The History of Treaties and International Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1967- .
(D 217 T613).
United Nations. Yearbook of the United Nations. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information. 1946/1947- . annual.
(Ref JX 1977 A3 Y4).: Discussion and listing of important treaties under United Nations auspices.
United States. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1861- .
(JX 233 A3).: From 1861-1942 available on microfiche in Media Resources. From 1948 to date available in book format. Indexes for 1861-1899, 1900-1918, and 1939-1945 are at Ref JX 233 A3. Indexes for 1861-1918 are also available in microfiche. Carrier Library lacks some volumes from 1943-1947. Documentation on treaties is included in this major State Department series.
Unites States. President. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States. . . Containing the Public Messages, Speeches, and Statements of the President. . .. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives, and Records Service. 1929-1933, 1945- .
(J 80 A283).: Papers of the Presidents from Herbert Hoover to the present. Franklin D. Roosevelt's papers are not available. This is kept current by Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. This is in Government Documents from December 10, 1973-August 12, 1985 @ GS 4.114. From August 19, 1985 to date it is located @ AE 2.109.
United States. Senate. Foreign Relations Committee. International Agreements: An Analysis of Executive Regulations and Practices. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1977.
(Gov Doc Y4.F76/2: IN8/47): Overview of the Senate and its role in the treaty making process.
United States. Senate. Foreign Relations Committee. Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1984.
(Gov DocY4.F76/2: S Rpt. 98-205): A comprehensive look at all areas of the Senate's treaty responsibilities. A glossary of terms and charts describing the steps in making treaties are furnished.
United States. Senate. Foreign Relations Committee. Treaty Termination. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979.
(Gov Doc Y4F76/2:T 71/12)
Wilson, Woodrow. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 1966-1984.
(E 660 W717).: An example of primary source material related to an individual. Treaty information is contained in the Wilson papers. Carrier Library has access to many other papers. Check the catalog by individual names.
Wood, John R., and Serres, Jean. Diplomatic Ceremonial and Protocol: Principles, procedures and Practices. New York: Columbia University, 1970.
(JX 1679 W65 1970b).
The Year Book of World Affairs. London: Stevens. annual.
(JX 21 Y4). Carrier Library has volumes for 1960, 1961 and 1969-1984.

Treaty Texts - United States

The key source for United States treaties, prior to 1950 is Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949. Since 1950 the definitive series is United States Treaties and Other International Agreements. The handout notes other treaty sources including the series edited by David H. Miller which is considered the most scholarly edition ever produced in the United States.

Davenport, Frances G., ed. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependents . . . . Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917-1937. 4 vols.
(LAC 20431-20432).: Text and English translations of treaties from 1455 to 1815. A discussion ,with bibliography, of each treaty is furnished. Scholarly.
Elliot, Jonathan, comp. Diplomatic Code of the United States of America: Embracing a Collection of Treaties and Conventions Between the United States and Foreign Powers, From the Year 1778 to 1827 . . . . Washington, D.C.: Printed by J. Elliot, Jr., 1827. (LAC 13704).
United States. Department of State. Office of the Legal Advisor. Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States. Washington D.C. : Department of State. 1929- . annual.
(Ref JX 236 1929c).: This source lists treaties in which the United States is a party to that are currently in force. The reference to the treaty text is given.
United States. Laws, Statutes, etc. United States Statutes at Large . . . . Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1789-1949.
(Microfiche).: From 1789 through 1949 treaties were printed as a part of this series. Volume seven of this title contains the text of Indian treaties from 1778 to 1842. Beginning in 1950 the official series is United States Treaties and Other International Agreements.
United States. Treaties, etc. Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America. Washington, D.C.: Department of State, 1931-1948. 8 vols.
(Ref JX 236 1931a).: This series was designated to be the definitive edition of United States treaties. It is complete from 1776 through 1863. In addition to the treaty text(s) there are extensive notes and other historical data. It is edited by David Hunter Miller.
United States. Treaties, etc. Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1968-1976. 13 vols.
(Ref JX 236 1968 A5).: This is the definitive edition for treaties covering its time span. It is edited by Charles I. Bevans.
United States. Treaties, etc. Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols, and Agreements Between the United States of America and Other Powers. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1910-1938. 4 vols.
(Ref JX 236 1910).: United States treaties from 1776 to 1937. The series contains a chronological list of treaties by country. This is frequently cited as "Malloy" after the individual who compiled volumes one and two. Volume three is properly cited as "Redmond" and volume four as "Trenwith" after the compilers of these volumes.
United States. Treaties, etc. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements . Washington, D.C.: Department of State. 1950- .
(Ref JX 231 A 34).: This is the official, definitive series for treaties since 1950. This series is designated with the acronym UST. Until it is available in a bound permanent form it is available as a temporary "slip" treaty and it is called Treaties and Other International Acts Series. (TIAS). In Carrier Library the TIAS series is available at the Reference Desk.

Treaty Texts - American Indian

Carrier Library has available the text of treaties and agreements made with American Indian tribes. The guide by Karl Funke (see the Guides/Bibliographies section) contains information on how to locate American Indian laws and treaties.

United States. Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. New York: AMS Press, 1971 reprint of the 1904-1941 ed. 5 vols.
(KF 8203 1972).: This set is commonly known as the Kappler Report. Volume two contains the text of ratified treaties. Another edition is available @ Gov Doc Y 4.In2/2: L44.
United States. Treaties, etc. A Compilation of All Treaties Between the United States and the Indian Tribes Now in Force as Laws. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1873.
(LAC 15145-15146).
United States. Indian Treaties, 1778-1883. New York: Interland. 1972 reprint of the 1904 ed.
(KF 8203 1972b).: This is volume two of Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties (see above @ KF 8203 1972). See also volume seven of the United States Statutes at Large (microfiche) for the text of Indian Treaties from 1778 to 1842.

Treaty Texts - International

The series edited by Clive Parry prints the text of treaties from 1648 (the date that the modern treaty process began) through the end of World War I. International Legal Materials is useful for its printing of drafts, final texts, and documentation of treaties. It is valuable because it frequently prints this material earlier that other sources. Carrier Library does not have the two series of international treaties published since World War I by the League of Nations and the United Nations.

Great Britain. Foreign Office. British and Foreign State Papers. London: 1812/1814-1934. (Microform Area. Microfiche).: This series of diplomatic papers includes the text of treaties.
Grenville, J.A.S. The Major International Treaties Since 1945: A History and Guide With Texts. New York: Methuen, 1987.
(Ref JX 171 G745 1987).: The arrangement includes international, regional, and country studies. A number of treaties are printed. A "Sources for Treaty Texts" completes this volume.
Historic Documents. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1972- . annual.
(Ref E 839.5 H57).: Both United States (bilateral) and International (United Nations oriented) treaties are printed.
Hurst, Michael, comp. Key Treaties for the Great Powers, 1814-1914. New York: St. Martin's. 1972. 2 vols. (Ref JX 151 H89).: European powers and their treaties from Congress of Vienna to events leading up to, and determining, World War I.
International Legal Materials. Washington, D.C.: American Society of International Law. 1962- . Bimonthly.
(Periodical).: Carrier Library has 1988 to date. Texts of treaties, etc. are contained in this source.
Israel, Fred L., comp. Major Peace Treaties of Modern History, 1648-1967. New York: Chelsea House, 1967-1980. 5 vols.
(Ref JX 121 I8).: Over 100 treaties are contained in this work. Volume five covers the years 1967-1979. Volume four contains 28 maps showing treaty boundaries.
Parry, Clive, comp. The Consolidated Treaty Series. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1969-1981. 231 vols.
(JX 120 P35).: This series prints the text of international treaties from 1648 to 1919. Treaties are in their original language(s). An attempt is made to have some treaties translated into French or English. This series is updated with separate League of Nations and United Nations Treaty Series. Carrier Library does not have these two more recent series.
Treaties and Alliances of the World: An International Survey Covering Treaties in Force and Communities of States. 2nd ed. New York: Scribner, 1974.
(JX 4005 T72 1974).: Discussion is generally from World War II to the present. International coverage.

Treaty Indexes

The Congressional Index is valuable for following the progress of current treaties in the Senate. Some of the treaty texts, e.g.United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, will include an index in each volume for that series. Also use the Index/Abstract section (below) for additional indexing sources.

Congressional Index. Chicago: Commerce Clearing House, 1973/74- .
(Ref J69 C6).: A loose-leaf updating service which contains information on treaties that are before the United States Senate.
Comprehensive Index to the Publications of the United States Government, 1881-1893 . New York: Johnson reprint. 1970 reprint of the 1905 ed. 2 vols.
(Ref Z 12223 A 1970).: This set, cited as "Ames" after the compiler John G. Ames, is a continuation of Poore's index.
Congressional Information Service. CIS U.S. Serial Set Index. Washington, D.C. : Congressional Information Service, 1975-1979. 36 vols.
(Ref Z1223 C65 1975).: This is an index to the "Serial Set" which lists House and Senate Documents and Reports. Also available as a database @ Congressional Masterfile 1
Hasse, Adelaide R. Index to United States Documents Relating to Foreign Affairs, 1828-1861. New York: Kraus reprint, 1965 reprint of the 1914 ed. 3 vols. (Ref Z 1223 Z7 H22).
Index Guide to Treaties: Based on the Consolidated Treaty Series. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1979- .
(JX 120 P352).: An index guide to The Consolidated Treaty Series.
LexisNexis Congressional
Database.: Recent years of Congressional materials, e.g. Hearings and Reports are available in full-text at this database site.
Poore, Benjamin P. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Publications of the United States, September 5, 1774-March 4, 1881. New York: Johnson reprint of the 1885 ed. 2 vols.
(Ref Z 1223 A 1885d).
Rohn, Peter H. World Treaty Index. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Information Services, 1983-1984. 5 vol.
(Ref KZ 173 R64 1983).: This is a comprehensive, and scholarly, index to world treaties from 1900-1980. Volume one is an overall guide to the index. It has a section on how to use the index, a thesaurus of terms, and a statistical profile of the treaties. Volumes two and three are the "Main Index." They list treaties chronologically and provide treaty title and citation, when in force, language(s) of treaty, treaty topic, and parties to the treaties. Volume four is the "Party Index." This is arranged by country and gives treaty date, treaty topic, and the citation. Volume five is the "Keyword Index." This provides a keyword, treaty date, and parties to the treaty.
United States. Superintendent of Documents. Catalog of the Public Documents of the Congress and of all Departments of the Government of the United States . . . . Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1893-1940.
(Ref Z 1223 A13).: Carrier Library has vols. 3-25, 1896-1940. Also known as Document Catalog. The indexing includes treaty information.

Atlases

Atlases are necessary in treaty research to visualize and comprehend land masses involved, boundary changes determined, and nation's destiny's altered.

Jackson, Kenneth T., Ed. Atlas of American History. rev. ed. New York: Scribner, 1978.
(Ref G 1201 S1 A2 1978).
Muir, Ramsay. Historical Atlas, Medieval and Modern. 9th ed. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1962. (Ref G 1030 M84 1963).
The New Cambridge Modern History. Cambridge University, 1957-1979. 14 vols.
(Ref D 208 N4).: Volume 14 is an atlas to this series. It included a section entitled "Wars and Treaty Settlement." Coverage is from 1524 through World War II.
Paullin, Charles O. Atlas of the Historical Geography if the United States. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington and the American Geographical Society, New York, 1932.
(Ref G 3701 S1 P3).: The first scholarly American history atlas. One section covers from 1607-1927. A second section shows possessions and territorial claims of the United States.
Shepherd, William R. Historical Atlas. 8th ed. Pikesville, MD: Colonial Offset, 1956.
(Ref G 1030 S4 1956).: A standard historical atlas since first published in the 1920s. Treaty adjustments in territory changes are featured. Emphasizes Europe.
The Times Atlas of World History. 4th ed. Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1993.
(Ref G 1030 T54 1993).: Presently the leading world history atlas in English. Covers all time periods. All areas of the world are included.

Dictionaries/Encyclopedias

A number of excellent dictionaries and encyclopedias having treaty information are available in Carrier Library. Generally these sources will include bibliographies. The Parry, Osmanczyk, and Pauling entries include treaty texts.

Bledsoe, Robert L., and Boczek, Boleslaw A. The International Law Dictionary. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1987.
(Ref JX 1226 B57 1987).: A chapter on treaties with definitions of specific treaty aspects is a feature of the dictionary.
Corpus Juris Secundum: A Contemporary Statement of American Law as Derived from Reported Cases and Legislation .... [St. Paul, Minn.]: West Group, 1998- .
(Ref KF 154 C57 2001).: Cited as CJS. This is a standard legal encyclopedia. Treaty sections are heavily footnoted.
Gamboa, Melquiades J. Elements of Diplomatic and Consular Practice: A Glossary. Manila: Central Book Supply, Dobb Ferry, NY: Oceana, 1966.
(Ref JX 1226 G3).
International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan, 1968. 17 vols.
(H 40 A2 I5).: Essay plus bibliography. A more historical treatment is provided in the original edition entitled Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences published from 1930-1935 in 15 volumes (Ref H 41 E6).
Osamanczyk, Edmund J. The Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis, 1990.
(Ref JX 1977 O8213 1990).: Alphabetically arranged by subject. Entries are available for treaties and subjects associated with the treaty process. Most entries include a bibliography. The text of some treaties is printed, e.g. Treaty of Tlatelco in 1967 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea/ Scholarly.
Parry, Clive, et. al. Parry and Grant Encyclopedic Dictionary of International Law . New York: Oceana, 1986. (Ref JX 1226 P33 1986).: Entries include treaty terms. Citations to law decisions are furnished. An appendix prints several international conventions on treaties. Scholarly.
Pauling, Linus, ed. World Encyclopedia of Peace. New York: Pergamon, 1986. 4 vols.
(Ref JX 1952 W63 1986).: An entry, with bibliography, on treaties is provided. Volume three includes a section printing the text of thirty-nine treaties covering the years 1919-1981.
Smelser, Neil J., ed. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences . New York: Elsevier, 2001.
(Ref H 41 I58 2001).: This encyclopedia provides articles dealing with the treaty making process and rationale in their development.
Ziring, Lawrence. International Relations: A Political Dictionary. 5th ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio, 1995.
(Ref JX 1226 P55 1995).: Topically arranged with short descriptions that include treaty aspects of international relations.

Public Opinion

Gallup, George H. The Gallup Poll, 1935-1971. New York: Random House, 1972. 3 vols.
(Ref HN 90 P8 G3).
Gallup, George H. The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1972-1977. Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 1978. 2 vols.
(Ref HN 90 P8 G32)
Gallup Opinion Index. 1974-January 1981.
(Periodical).
Gallup Poll Monthly. 1989- .
Gallup Report. February 1981-1989.
(Periodical).

Speech Sources

Sutton, Roberta B. Speech Index: An Index to 259 Collections of World Famous Orations and Speeches for Various Occasions. ed., rev. and enl. New York: Scarecrow, 1966.
(Ref AI3 S85 1966).: Speeches on treaties are included. A supplement for the years 1966-1980 is available at the same call number.
Vital Speeches of the Day. 1936- .
(Periodical).: Semi-monthly. Periodical printing major speeches. Although American speeches are emphasized coverage is international.

Dissertations

Dissertation Abstracts lists all dissertations produced in the United States since 1861. Because of original research and extensive bibliographies dissertations can have value for studies on treaties. Since Carrier Library has few dissertations check at the Reference Desk for assistance on how to obtain this type of information.

Dissertation Abstracts. 1861- .

Style Manuals

Because treaty citations are generally from specialized sources it may be necessary to use a style manual designed for your references. The Garner book is the definitive manual for government documents including international sources. A Uniform System of Citation is the leading legal manual.

Garner, Diane L., and Smith Diane H. The Complete Guide to Citing Government Information Sources: A Manual for Writers and Librarians. rev. ed. Bethesda, MD: Congressional Information Service, 1993.
(Ref J 9.5 G37 1993)
Comprehensive international coverage, giving examples for all types of documents including treaties. This is the standard source for document (including treaty) citing. A Bibliography of additional style manual is furnished.

Price, Miles O. A Practical Manual of Standard Legal Citations. . .. New York: Oceana, 1950.
(KF 245 P7).

A Uniform Style of Citation. 17th ed. [Cambridge Mass.: Harvard Law Review], 2000.
(Ref KF 246 U5 2000).
This manual provides comprehensive treaty coverage.

University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. 14th ed., rev. and expanded. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1993.
(Ref Z 253 C57 1993).

Databases and Article Indexes
America: History and Life. 1964- .
Combined Retrospective Index to Journals on History. 1838-1974. (print)
Congressional Information Service. CIS/Annual. monthly, with annual cumulations. 1970- . This source indexes United States Congressional hearings.
Historical Abstracts. 1955-1966 .
Humanities Abstracts. 1984- . (not available fall 2002- .)
Index to U.S. Government Periodicals. 1970-1987. (print)
International Index. 1907-1965. (print)
International Political Science Abstracts. 1979- .(print)
Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications. 1939- .(print)
New York Times Index. 1851-2004. (print)
Periodical Contents Index. 1770-1991.
Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. 1802-1906. (print)
Public Affairs Information Service. Bulletin. (PAIS) 1972- .
Reader's Guide Abstracts. 1890- . (1984- . on as a database) (not available fall 2002- .)
Social Sciences and Humanities Index. 1965-1974. (print)
Social Sciences Abstracts. 1974- . (1983- . as a database). (not available fall 2002- )

Periodical Literature

This is a highly selective list of journals that contain treaty information. The list of indexes and abstracts (above) will be useful in locating specific articles.

American Journal of International Law. 1969- .
(Periodical)
Contains a section entitled "Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law." This is an updating of the annual Digest of United States Practice in International Law located in Government Documents.

Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. 1973- .
(Periodical)
As a "mirror" of the Federal Government treaty information is included. This is digested annually in the Congressional Quarterly Almanac (Ref JK 1 C66).

Department of State Bulletin. 1978-1989.
(Periodical)
Each monthly issue contains current treaty action and citations, when appropriate, to the full treaty text. From 1955 to 1977 this is shelved as United States Department of State. Bulletin. Occasionally a full treaty text is printed.

Diplomatic History. 1977- .
(Periodical)

Foreign Affairs. 1922- .
(Periodical)
This is the best known and most widely circulated journal in the area of political science and foreign relations. Quarterly issues contain an annotated bibliography of current books and a section of "Source Material." This journal updates the Foreign Affairs Bibliography. . . located @ Ref JX 1391 F73.

Foreign Policy. 1971- .
(Periodical)

National Journal. 1979- .
(Periodical)
This weekly publication contains detailed information on U.S. government activity. It is a companion source to the Congessional Quarterly Weekly Report.

UN Chronicle. 1975- . (from 1964 to 1975 published as UN Monthly Chronicle).
(Periodical)
Articles include overview and discussion of treaty and other agreements. A column listing "conventions and agreements" is featured.

U.S. Department of State Dispatch. 1990-1999.
(Periodical)
This was the current weekly official publication of the State Department. Most issues will include information on treaty actions.

Abbreviations

The following bibliography lists three major sources of abbreviation information.

Bieber, Doris M., comp. Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations Used in American Law Books . 2nd ed. Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein, 1985.
(Ref KF 246 B46 1985).
Listing is by abbreviation.

Prince, Mary M., ed. Bieber's Current American Legal Citations. 2nd ed., Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein, 1986.
(Ref KF 246 B45 1986).
Listing is by state, title of source, or type of document being cited.

Uniform System of Citation. 17th ed. [Cambridge, MA: Harvard Law Review], 2000.
(Ref KF 246 U5 2000).
An "International Materials" section that includes abbreviation information is provided.

Electronic Text Sources

Congressional Masterfile 1
(Electronic Text)
The index to the "Serial Set" from 1789-1969. An index to Congressional Hearings and Documents.

Fundamentals of Treaty Research: U.S. and non-U.S. (Electronic Resources)
(Electronic Text)
An excellent, and comprehensive, site. Areas under United States include research guides, treaty in which the U.S. is a party, U.S. treaty collections: topical, U.S. treaty indexes, treaty interpretation: "legislative history," treaty interpretation: cases, U.S. practice in international law, and U.S. treaty news and commentary. The site now replicates these sections under non-U.S.

GPO Monthly Catalog
(Electronic Text)
The standard index to U. S. Government Documents. This has been published since 1976. Very strong on treaties involving the United States.

Multilaterals Project
(Electronic Text)
A site with hundreds of treaty texts. Most are from the 20th century.

U.S. Foreign Affairs
(Electronic Text)
An official State Department site having current actions. See especially "Treaties and Legal Actions."

U.S. Government Periodical Index
(Electronic Text)
Published from 1992 to date this is an index to periodical articles published by U.S. Government agencies. There are alot of treaty based articles. Especially useful for its indexing of U.S. Department of State Dispatch.

WorldCat (VIVA)
(Electronic Text)
As the source to most American library catalogs this web site will list published sources of treaty information.

This page is maintained by:Patricia Hardesty
Last reviewed: November 2002
© James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA